ABSTRACT
Equine enterotyphlocolitis is an inflammatory process of the intestinal tract of horses that is associated with multiple etiologic agents and risk factors. Most clinical cases do not have an etiologic diagnosis. We describe here the pathogens detected and the histologic lesions found in horses with enterotyphlocolitis in Ontario that were submitted for postmortem examination, 2007-2019. We reviewed the medical records of 208 horses that fulfilled inclusion criteria. Cultures were positive in 67 of 208 (32%) equids for Clostridium perfringens, in 16 of 208 (8%) for Clostridioides difficile, and in 14 of 208 (7%) for Salmonella spp.; 6 of 208 (3%) were positive for Neorickettsia risticii by PCR assay. One horse was positive in a Rhodococcus equi PCR assay. All horses tested by PCR assay for equine coronavirus and Lawsonia intracellularis were negative. The histologic lesions were characterized as follows: 6 of 208 (3%) enteritis, 5 of 208 (2%) typhlitis, 104 of 208 (50%) colitis, 37 of 208 (18%) enterocolitis, 45 of 208 (22%) typhlocolitis, and 11 of 208 (5%) enterotyphlocolitis. We strongly recommend standardized testing of diarrheic horses during and/or after postmortem examination, as well as standardized reporting of histologic lesions in enterotyphlocolitis cases.
Subject(s)
Enteritis , Enterocolitis , Horse Diseases , Horses , Animals , Ontario/epidemiology , Retrospective Studies , Autopsy/veterinary , Enterocolitis/veterinary , Enterocolitis/microbiology , Enteritis/diagnosis , Enteritis/veterinary , Horse Diseases/diagnosis , Horse Diseases/epidemiology , Horse Diseases/microbiologySubject(s)
Bacterial Infections , COVID-19 , Enteritis , Sepsis , Enteritis/diagnosis , Humans , Sepsis/diagnosis , Systemic Inflammatory Response SyndromeABSTRACT
Surveillance of notified Campylobacter enteritis in Germany revealed a recurrent annual increase of cases with disease onset several days after the Christmas and New Year holidays ("winter peak"). We suspected that handling and consumption of chicken meat during fondue and raclette grill meals on the holidays were associated with winter peak Campylobacter infections. The hypothesis was investigated in a case-control study with a case-case design where notified Campylobacter enteritis cases served as case-patients as well as control-patients, depending on their date of disease onset (case-patients: 25/12/2018 to 08/01/2019; control-patients: any other date between 30/11/2018 and 28/02/2019). The study was conducted as an online survey from 21/01/2019 to 18/03/2019. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) were determined in single-variable logistic regression analyses adjusted for age group and sex. We analysed 182 data sets from case-patients and 260 from control-patients and found associations of Campylobacter infections after the holidays with meat fondue (aOR 2.2; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2-3.8) and raclette grill meals with meat (aOR 1.5; 95% CI 1.0-2.4) consumed on the holidays. The associations were stronger when chicken meat was served at these meals (fondue with chicken meat: aOR 2.7; 95% CI 1.4-5.5; raclette grill meal with chicken meat: aOR 2.3; 95% CI 1.3-4.1). The results confirmed our initial hypothesis. To prevent Campylobacter winter peak cases in the future, consumers should be made more aware of the risks of a Campylobacter infection when handling raw meat, in particular chicken, during fondue or raclette grill meals on the holidays.
Subject(s)
Campylobacter Infections/epidemiology , Enteritis/epidemiology , Food Microbiology , Foodborne Diseases/epidemiology , Meat/microbiology , Seasons , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Animals , Campylobacter Infections/diagnosis , Campylobacter Infections/microbiology , Case-Control Studies , Child , Child, Preschool , Cooking , Enteritis/diagnosis , Enteritis/microbiology , Female , Foodborne Diseases/diagnosis , Foodborne Diseases/microbiology , Germany/epidemiology , Holidays , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Middle Aged , Poultry/microbiology , Risk Assessment , Risk Factors , Time Factors , Young AdultABSTRACT
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection is characterized by fever, elevated inflammatory markers, and multisystem organ involvement. Presentations are variable but often include gastrointestinal symptoms. We describe 5 children with fever and gastrointestinal symptoms initially concerning for multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children who were ultimately diagnosed with bacterial enteritis, highlighting the diagnostic challenges presented by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic.
Subject(s)
Bacterial Infections/diagnosis , Enteritis/diagnosis , Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome/diagnosis , Bacterial Infections/microbiology , Biomarkers , Child , Child, Preschool , Diagnosis, Differential , Diagnostic Errors , Enteritis/microbiology , Female , Hospitalization , Humans , Male , Symptom AssessmentSubject(s)
COVID-19/pathology , Duodenal Diseases/pathology , Enteritis/diagnosis , Intestinal Mucosa/pathology , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/diagnosis , Microvessels/pathology , Thrombotic Microangiopathies/pathology , Adult , COVID-19/complications , COVID-19/diagnostic imaging , COVID-19/immunology , Complement Pathway, Mannose-Binding Lectin/immunology , Complement System Proteins/immunology , Diagnosis, Differential , Duodenal Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Duodenal Diseases/etiology , Duodenal Diseases/immunology , Edema/diagnostic imaging , Edema/etiology , Endoscopy, Digestive System , Female , Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products/metabolism , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , Intestinal Mucosa/blood supply , Ischemia/pathology , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/complications , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/immunology , Necrosis , SARS-CoV-2 , Thrombotic Microangiopathies/diagnosis , Thrombotic Microangiopathies/etiology , Thrombotic Microangiopathies/immunology , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
Canine parvoviral enteritis is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality in dogs worldwide. Tests can detect viral antigen in feces, and characteristic decreases in total leukocyte, neutrophil, and lymphocyte counts can increase the index of suspicion in affected cases and can be used to prognosticate morbidity and mortality. The standard of care for infected animals includes IV crystalloid and sometimes colloid fluids, antiemetics, broad-spectrum antibiotics, and early enteral nutrition. Vaccination induces protective immunity in most dogs. Vaccination, along with limiting exposure in young puppies, is the most effective means of preventing parvoviral enteritis in dogs.